Interplay of management and environmental drivers shifts size structure of reef fish communities.

Countries are expanding marine protected area (MPA) networks to mitigate fisheries declines and support marine biodiversity. However, MPA impact evaluations typically assess total fish biomass. Here, we examine how fish biomass disaggregated by adult and juvenile life stages responds to environmental drivers, including sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and human footprint, and multiple management types at 139 reef sites in the Mesoamerican Reef (MAR) region. We found that total fish biomass generally appears stable across the region from 2006 to 2018, with limited rebuilding of fish stocks in MPAs. However, the metric of total fish biomass masked changes in fish community structure, with lower adult than juvenile fish biomass at northern sites, and adult:juvenile ratios closer to 1:1 at southern sites. These shifts were associated with different responses of juvenile and adult fish to environmental drivers and management. Juvenile fish biomass increased at sites with high larval connectivity and coral cover, whereas adult fish biomass decreased at sites with greater human footprint and SST anomalies. Adult fish biomass decreased primarily in Honduran general use zones, which suggests insufficient protection for adult fish in the southern MAR. There was a north-south gradient in management and environmental drivers, with lower coverage of fully protected areas and higher SST anomalies and coastal development in the south that together may undermine the maintenance of adult fish biomass in the southern MAR. Accounting for the interplay between environmental drivers and management in the design of MPAs is critical for increasing fish biomass across life history stages.

Los países están ampliando las redes de áreas marinas protegidas (AMP) para mitigar la disminución de las pesquerías y apoyar la biodiversidad marina. Sin embargo, las evaluaciones de impacto de las AMP típicamente estudian la biomasa total de peces. Aquí, examinamos cómo la biomasa de peces desagregada por etapas de vida adultas y juveniles responde a factores ambientales como anomalías de la temperatura superficial del mar (SST) e impacto humano, y múltiples tipos de manejo en 139 sitios de arrecifes en el sistema arrecifal mesoamericano (SAM). Encontramos que la biomasa total de peces en general parece estable en toda la región entre 2006 y 2018, con una recuperación limitada de las poblaciones de peces en las AMP. Sin embargo, la métrica de biomasa total de peces enmascaró los cambios en la estructura de la comunidad de peces, con una biomasa de peces adultos más baja que juveniles en los sitios del norte, y proporciones adulto:juvenil más cercana a 1:1 en los sitios del sur. Estos cambios fueron asociados con diferentes respuestas de peces juveniles y adultos a variables ambientales y de manejo. La biomasa de peces juveniles aumentó en sitios con alta conectividad larvaria y cobertura coralina, mientras que la biomasa de peces adultos disminuyó en sitios con mayor impacto humano y anomalías en la SST. La biomasa de peces adultos disminuyó principalmente en las zonas de uso general (GUZ) hondureñas, lo cual sugiere una protección insuficiente para peces adultos en el sur del SAM. Hubo un gradiente norte­sur en el manejo y los factores ambientales, con menor cobertura de áreas totalmente protegidas y mayores anomalías de SST y desarrollo costero en el sur. En conjunto esto puede degradar el mantenimiento de la biomasa de peces adultos en el sur del SAM. La interacción entre factores ambientales y el manejo en el diseño de las AMP es fundamental para aumentar la biomasa de peces en todas las etapas del ciclo de vida.

Coral reef health in the Gulf of Honduras in relation to fluvial runoff, hurricanes, and fishing pressure.

The Gulf of Honduras includes extensive coral reefs in Belize and Guatemala, classified into four biogeographic zones, which are differentially affected by runoff, hurricanes, and fishing. Runoff mostly impacts the coastal and adjacent channel reefs. The Belize Barrier Reef (BBR) experiences less runoff impact due to the prevailing cyclonic ocean circulation. Hurricane waves powerfully impact the BBR, only occasionally the lee-side of Glover's Reef, and rarely the coastal and channel reefs. Fishing pressure is most intense on the coastal and channel reefs, comparatively modest on the BBR, and low at Glover's Reef. The effects of the three local stressors were evaluated using observations from 24 sites in the Gulf of Honduras. Data were analyzed using the Reef Health Index (RHI), with the highest RHI (4.3) for two Glover's Reef sites, medium RHI (2.6) for 10 sites on the barrier reef, and lowest RHI (2.1) for 8 coastal reef sites.

Proteína anexina a1: alvo terapêutico nos processos inflamatórios / Annexin a1 protein: therapeutic target in inflammatory processes

Introdução: A inflamação é uma importante resposta do hospedeiro contra agentes invasores. Contudo, precisa ser regulada paranão causar danos nos tecidos e órgãos. Entre os mediadores anti-infl amatórios está a proteína Anexina A1, uma proteína de 37kDaque apresenta sítios de ligação ao cálcio e aos fosfolipídios de membrana e está envolvida na inibição das sínteses de eicosanoides efosfolipase A2, induzidas por glicocorticoides. A ANXA1 é amplamente distribuída no organismo, especialmente em células relacionadasaos processos de defesa. Esta proteína exerce diferentes funções e pode ser relacionada a várias condições patológicas, como câncer edoenças autoimunes, além dos processos infl amatórios. Por essa razão, termo “anexinopatias” tem sido usado para defi nir as doençashumanas nas quais os níveis anormais de anexina contribuem para a patogênese. Objetivo: Diante da importância da ANXA1, o objetivodeste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão sobre o papel da proteína em processos infl amatórios. Método: Pesquisa bibliográfi ca realizadaem sites especializados...

Introduction: Inflammation is an important host response against invading agents. However, it must be regulated to avoid causing damageto tissues and organs. Among the anti-infl ammatory mediators there is the protein A1 Annexin, a 37kDa protein which exhibits calcium andphospholipid membrane binding sites and is involved in inhibition of glucocorticoids induced synthesis of eicosanoid and phospholipaseA2. ANXA1 is widely distributed in the body, especially in defense processes related cells. This protein exerts different functions and maybe related to several pathological conditions such as cancer and autoimmune diseases, beyond infl ammatory processes. Therefore, theterm "annexinopathy" has been used to defi ne human disease in which abnormal levels of annexin contribute to pathogenesis. Objective:Given the importance of ANXA1, the aim of this work was to perform a review about the role of this protein in infl ammatory processes.Method: Bibliographic research carried out in specialized sites...

Introducción: Una inflamación es una importante respuesta del huésped contra los agentes invasores. Sin embargo, debe ajustarse parano dañar los tejidos y los órganos. Entre los mediadores anti-infl amatorios está una proteína Anexina A1, una proteína de 37kDa que sepresentan en el calcio y los fosfolípidos de la membrana y se encuentra en la inibición de las síntesis de eicosanoides y fosfolipasa A2,induzidas por glicocorticoides. A ANXA1 é amplamente distribuida en el organismo, especialmente en las células relacionadas con losprocesos de defensa. Esta proteína ejerce diferentes funciones y puede ser relacionada a varias condiciones patológicas, como cáncer yenfermedades autoinmunes, además de los procesos infl amatorios. Por esta razón, el término "anexinopatias" se ha utilizado para defi nirlas enfermedades humanas en las que los niveles anormales de anexina contribuyen a la patogénesis. Objetivo: Ante la importancia dela ANXA1, el objetivo de este...